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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/309
*Corresponding Author: Abyt Ibraimov
Citation: Abyt Ibraimov (2025), From Whom and How Did Modern Humans Originate? J. General Medicine and Clinical Practice, 8(11); DOI:10.31579/2639-4162/309
Copyright: © 2025, Abyt Ibraimov. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 17 October 2025 | Accepted: 02 November 2025 | Published: 11 November 2025
Keywords: origin of modern humans; cell thermoregulation; human adaptation; human body heat conductivity; chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions
When, where, from whom, and how modern humans came into being our questions that will always intrigue us. Significant progress has been made in this regard, although we are still far from obtaining complete answers to these questions. The first question has been answered: about 200,000-300,000 years ago, there were already beings indistinguishable from modern humans. Encouraging results have also been obtained regarding the place of origin: it is East Africa, although disputes about the multi-regional or African (“Out of Africa Model”) origin of humans are still ongoing. The question of our ancestors remains a subject of heated debate: who were they and why did they vanish? However, the most difficult question is: how and why did creatures with 46 chromosomes instead of 48, characteristic of all higher primates, arise, what lies behind this and why were they able to colonize the entire landmass of the Earth? Our own data indicate that modern humans are direct descendants of individuals with 46 chromosomes who emerged during a period of profound climate change in East Africa. It was they who managed to adapt to all the climatic and geographical conditions of the Earth, form a new biological species, survive, and shape modern human races.
The question of when modern humans first appeared, despite its importance, is not particularly topical, and the answer will be found eventually. After all, the very fact that modern humans exist suggests that they must have a history. It would be interesting to establish the exact place of origin of Homo sapiens, although this no longer has any fundamental scientific significance, because during this time the Earth's climate has changed many times and will continue to change under the influence of humans themselves. The question of the direct ancestors of modern humans (H. s. sapiens) is more relevant, if only because we are more interested in our own evolutionary future. In this sense, the emergence of humans as a single tropical biological species with a unique karyotype, not characteristic of other higher primates, seems to be the most important. Our task is not to analyze existing literature on the historical time, place of origin, and possible ancestors of humans. We will be mainly interested in the question of how and why individuals with 46 chromosomes could have emerged from populations that had a karyotype with 48 chromosomes, and what lies behind this? It is obvious that it is not a matter of quantity, since both animals and plants exist with this number of chromosomes. We have already discussed the possible role of genes in human adaptation and origin [1-3].
Based on our nearly half-century of research into the polymorphism of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions (Q-HRs) in human populations living in a wide variety of climatic and geographical conditions in Eurasia and Africa, both normal and pathological, we have come to the conclusion that, probably, modern humans (H. s. sapiens) originated from a single population consisting of individuals with 46 chromosomes in their karyotype. Before presenting our data, we considered it necessary to provide brief information about the polymorphism of chromosomal heterochromatin regions (HRs) in human populations. A fundamental feature of chromosomes of higher eukaryotes is the presence of two types of genetic material: euchromatin and heterochromatin. Euchromatin — the conservative portion of the genome — contains transcribed structural genes, while heterochromatin — the variable portion of the genome — predominantly consists of non-coding DNA sequences. By now, enormous data have been accumulated on chromosomes of human and higher primates. A comparative analysis demonstrated that the differences between them are largely confined to the pericentric inversions and the amount of heterochromatin [4-6]. Heterochromatin is universally distributed in the chromosomes of all the higher eukaryotes, amounting to 10%-60% of their genome. About 15%-20% of the human genome is composed of heterochromatin [7]. To date, two types of chromosomal heterochromatin regions (HRs) are known: C- and Q-HRs. There are several significant differences between them: l) C-HRs is found in the chromosomes of all the higher eukaryotes, while Q-HRs - only in man (Homo sapiens), the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla); 2) C-HRs are known to be invariably present in all the chromosomes of man, varying mainly in size and location (inversion); 3) Q-HRs variability can be found in man on only seven autosomes (3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22), as well as on chromosome Y; 4) human populations do not differ from each other by the amount of chromosomal C-HRs [8-15]. Chromosomal Q-HRs polymorphism studying shows: 1) despite the fact that Q-HRs exist in the genome of three higher primates, their broad variability is only inherent in human populations; 2) individuals in population differ in the number (from 0 to 10), location, size, and intensity of fluorescence of these regions [16-35].
Facts and their interpretation.
The distribution of chromosomal Q-HRs in human populations described in the form of two main quantitative characteristics: l) the frequency of Q-HRs in seven Q-polymorphic autosomes; 2) the distribution of Q-HRs in a population, i.e., distribution of individuals having different numbers of Q-HRs in the karyotype regardless of the location; 3) the mean number of Q-HRs.
Table 1 presents data on the frequencies and mean numbers of chromosomal Q-HRs in human populations living in various climatic and geographic conditions of Eurasia and Africa (columns I-VI), as well as in patients (columns VII-IX) suffering from purely human forms of pathologies (drug addiction, alcoholism, and dietary obesity).
Table 1: The frequency of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions (Q-HRs) in human populations living in Eurasia and Africa.
n -- sample size; * Q-HR frequency of the chromosomes analyzed; ** Q-HR frequency as a percentage of the overall number of chromosomal Q-HRs. I – northern Mongoloids of Siberia; II – highland Mongoloids of the Pamirs and Tien-Shan; II – steppe Mongoloids of Central Asia; IV – Russians; V – Indians of northern India; VI – lowland Negroids of subequatorial Africa; VII - drug addicts; VIII – alcoholics; IX – obese females. Even brief analysis of Table 1 convinces that Q-HRs are distributed in seven potentially Q-polymorphic autosomes far from by accident: more than a half of Q-HRs are localized in autosomes 3 and 13, and the rest more or less evenly are distributed in autosomes 4, 14, 15, 21 and 22. In the Table there also presented a data on Q-HRs distribution, where their frequencies are expressed in percentage from the number of analyzed chromosomes and from the overall number of chromosomal Q-HRs found in a sample. Data presented in Table 1 testify that at the level of human populations each of seven Q-polymorphic autosomes contains comparable "portion" of the overall number of Q-HRs in population genome irrespective of their race, ethnic peculiarities or pathology. Hence, if Q-HRs frequencies to be expressed in relative numbers (in percentage from the overall number of chromosomal Q-HRs found in a sample), then it became obvious that inter-population heterogeneity is formed due to proportional increase or decrease of the absolute number of Q-HRs in all potentially Q-polymorphic loci of seven autosomes simultaneously.
That is why, there are reasons to assume that human population heterogeneity according to distribution of Q-HRs is formed not due to various polymorphic degree of any loci in different samples, but due to simultaneous proportional increase or decrease of Q-HR contents in all potentially Q-polymorphic loci of seven autosomes, the change of which the best of all is reflected by as such quantitative characteristic of Q-HR variability as the mean number of Q-HRs (m) calculated per individual in population.
On the Table 1 presented the values of the m in populations from different climate-and-geographic provinces of Africa and Eurasia (columns I-VI). As can be seen from the Table, studied populations significantly differ from each other. First of all, draws attention the fact that the value of the m is considerably decreased in human populations living in the Far North of Siberia, in high-altitude areas of the Pamirs and the Tien-Shan, compared to those of steppe zones of Central Asia, low mountain subequatorial Africa (negroes of Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe and Guinea-Bissau). The same table presents the distribution patterns of chromosomal Q-HRs in samples of patients suffering from drug addiction, heavy alcohol abuse, and alimentary obesity (columns VII-IX). If the m values are not taken into account, these samples do not differ from the "natural" populations of Eurasia and Africa in terms of the distribution of the frequency (“portion”) of Q-HRs across seven chromosomes in human populations. As is known among the climatic conditions where men have to live, the most difficult is the high-altitude areas. Therefore, the study of men at highland is important because living at high-altitude has a significant impact on the human body, particularly on physiology, adaptation, health, and disease. We managed to obtain data indicating the adaptive changes in the chromosomal of Q-HRs in the human population, which due to circumstances beyond their control migrate to the territory with extreme climatic conditions.
This is what happened to one Kyrgyz population after the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917. To avoid physical extermination and political persecution one Kyrgyz tribe fled to Afghanistan in the 1920s and appealed to give them asylum. The Afghan government offered them an almost uninhabited and inaccessible high-altitude area in the northeastern Pamirs, which is characterized by an extremely harsh climate. During more than five generations that the Kyrgyz have lived in complete genetic isolation in the extreme conditions of the Pamir high-altitudes (4200 m and higher above sea level).
The material was Kyrgyz sample, who returned to his historic homeland a few years ago by consent of the governments of the two countries due to extremely difficult living conditions at the high-altitude of Afghanistan Pamirs: high morbidity and child mortality, short life expectancy (~35 yrs.), lack of school education, medical services and many others. The sample included repatriates, who moved to live in their historical homeland, which their ancestors left more than 100 years ago (the Alay mountains of Kyrgyzstan). As a control, we used a sample of Kyrgyz who are indigenous inhabitants of the Alay highland region (2,600 m and above sea level). For comparison, we studied a sample of students from the North India, who study at Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. The aim of the study is find out whether the number of chromosomal Q-HRs in the genome may change if it is forced to exist in extreme climatic conditions of the high-altitude for several generations (Table 2).
Table 2: The frequency of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin regions (Q-HRs) among Kyrgyz and Indians.
* Q-HR frequency of the chromosomes analyzed.
** Q-HR frequency as a percentage of the overall number of chromosomal Q-HRs.
Table 3 shows the distributions of the numbers of Q-HRs in individuals at the population. The studied samples differ significantly from each other both in the distribution of the numbers of Q-HRs and in the mean numbers of Q-HRs. The highest number of Q-HRs is found in the genome of Indians, and
the lowest in Kyrgyz repatriates. At the same time, the Kyrgyz repatriates differ with the predominance of individuals with a low number of Q-HRs and a very narrow range of Q-HRs amount variability in the population (from 0 to 4).
Table 3: The distribution and the mean numbers of chromosomal Q-HRs per individual in Kyrgyz and Indians.
So far, the lowest amount of the chromosomal Q-HRs in the genome of human populations was found in the natives of Eastern Siberia, Pamir and Tien-Shan. In the aborigines of the Far North of Eastern Siberia, the mean number of Q-HR in the samples was: Chukchi - 2.2; Nenets - 2.2; Khanty - 1.8; Yakuts - 1.8; Selkups - 1.8 [30,36,37], and in the highlanders of the Pamirs and Tien-Shan (2.7 and 2.1, respectively) [24,30,37]. Among non-indigenous people, such low mean numbers of Q-HRs have been found in mountaineers and oil workers working in polar Eastern Siberia (1.60 and 1.72, respectively). It is noteworthy that in the genome of newcomers, but successfully adapted individuals the number of Q-HRs was lower than in the native populations of the high mountains Pamir and Tien-Shan and the Far North of Siberia [29,30]. The peculiarity of this study is that, for the first time, a decrease in the number of Q-HRs was found in a population that lived for a short time (about 100 years) in extremely harsh climatic conditions at high-altitude.
Anthropologists have been divided as to whether modern humans evolved as one interconnected population, or evolved only in East Africa, speciated, then migrated out of Africa. In their conclusions, anthropologists rely on data, which were received by analyzing fossil remains and mitochondrial DNA.
Our data on variability of chromosomal Q-HRs testifies that apparently modern human originated according to Out of Africa Model. Moreover, cytogenetic data show that modern humans most likely originated from a single population, whose members had a karyotype with 46 chromosomes. Indeed, it is difficult to imagine that in genome of populations represented different racial and ethnic groups and residing tens of thousands of years in such diverse climatic and geographic conditions of Eurasia and Africa, chromosomal Q-HRs on seven Q-polymorphous autosomes distributed equally randomly. If the Multiregional Continuity Model were true then probably, we will see different patterns of chromosomal Q-HRs distribution in seven Q-polymorphic autosomes in population's genome. When talking about the fact that modern humans could have arisen from a single population, we mean the emergence of individuals who have 46 chromosomes in their karyotype instead of 48. It does not matter what populations these individuals came from, how many there were, or where and when they lived. Therefore, we will only consider the question of how such individuals could have arisen, and then the population with 46 chromosomes.It has been established that a decrease in the number of chromosomes by two in humans is a result of the fusion of two autosomes into one chromosome in his karyotype ancestors. It is curious that the question of why a man has 46, and not 48 chromosomes, like other higher primates, the cause of their origin and biological consequences is still not the subject of special studies [37]. We believe that changes in the composition, amount and localization of chromosomal HRs in the human karyotype led to the fact that he became a unique biological species, with all its distinctive features. Distribution of chromosomal Q-HRs on Q-polymorphic autosomes in population of a chimpanzee and a gorilla are absolutely the other. The mean number of Q-HRs in the chimpanzee is considerably higher than in man; in man, their incidence averages from about 2.9-4.2, while in the chimpanzee it has been estimated to be equal to 8.77, and to 8.85. The number of Q-HRs accounted for 14.8 in specimens of gorilla, which is approximately five times the number observed in man [38-43].
We think it highly probable, that the causes of origin of individuals with 46 chromosomes were climate in the East Africa. Middle and Late Miocene ecology was far from being uniform, and such climatic changes as cooling, aridity, seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations gradually became dominant environmental factors [51]. Thus, even before they left Africa our ancestors were probably faced with the problem of adaptation to new, more rigorous natural conditions differing from those of the savannah. As the amount of food decreases, populations of the common ancestor of the modern man began to expand the territory of their habitat to more severe, including cold areas. Perhaps, just at this stage in the life history of our ancestors, the adaptive changes appeared in their karyotype, which, ultimately, resulted to the emergence of the modern human. In particular, the individuals with a number of chromosomal Q-HRs in the karyotype closest to the modern Africans became adapted better in the new climate conditions (for details see [45,50,51]). We postulate that two pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in the genome of the ancestral population, which generated the chromosome 2 of the modern human, were bearers of Q-HRs with a very high frequency. In the genome of the population of the modern human only two pairs of autosomes (3 and 13) are the high frequency, and for more than half of the total amount of chromosomal Q-HRs belongs to their share, and the rest amount of Q-heterochromatin is distributed on the other Q-polymorphic chromosomes (4, 14, 15, 21 and 22) with frequency from 3% to 10% (see above). Apparently, our ancestors had the number of high Q-polymorphic chromosomes by two pairs more than the modern human. But it wasn't enough.
We assume that the human adaptive evolution became possible when in a population began to born individuals with different Q-heterochromatin material, as it occurs now as well. It has become possible just because: l ) the number of potentially Q-polymorphous loci in the karyotype was great enough (25 loci) to ensure the appearance in the population of individuals with various amount of Q-HRs in the genome; 2) the relative frequencies of Q-HRs in these loci were different, due to which the same Q-HRs number in different individuals could be provided with a very various combinations of Q-HRs [44,45]. It is imperative that chromosomal Q-HRs was not distributed equally to all potentially Q-polymorphic autosomes. If the population have uniform distribution of chromosomal Q-HRs with high frequency as in modern chimpanzees and gorillas, then it will be difficult, if not possible, to birth the individuals with different numbers of Q-heterochromatin in the karyotype. The presence of individuals in human population with different numbers of Q-HRs in the karyotype (from 0 to 10) is due to the fact that Q-HRs is unevenly distributed on seven potentially Q-polymorphic autosomes [16-35,37].
Thus, the essence of our hypothesis is that natural selection caused merger of two pairs of autosomes into one chromosome. In the changed climate of the East Africa individuals with less number of chromosomal Q-HRs in genome were the most adapted. Two pairs of acrocentrics in the genome the common ancestor, which merged into a single chromosome, apparently, carried on their short arms of Q-HRs with a very high frequency, preventing the birth of individuals with a low number Q-heterochromatin. With the merger of these two pairs of acrocentrics into one, the number of autosomes bearing the Q-HRs reduced from nine to seven pairs, as in the modern human. Such chromosome rearrangement resulted in two important consequences: а) chromosomal Q-HRs distributed into seven Q-polymorphic autosomes, so that it was possible to give birth to the individuals with different, including the low, number of Q-heterochromatin; b) in the population individuals with low number of Q-HRs appeared, able to adapt to new, harsher climatic conditions. With the lapse of time, these individuals formed a new population in the new territory, where individuals with a number of chromosomal Q-HRs like the modern natives of Africa, and with the number of 46 chromosomes in the genome began to dominate (for details see [50,51]). It is hard to say why the ancestors of P. troglodytes and G. gorilla were unable to use the same route. However, the assumption which we feel is likely is the following one: initial Q-HRs frequencies on all the variable loci proved to be high enough to produce of individuals with significantly different numbers of chromosomal Q-HRs. In other words, the chimpanzee and the gorilla were initially unable to vary the number of Q-HRs of their genome as much as man could. The following facts are in favor of this assumption: I ) the range of variability in the number of Q-HRs in the chimpanzee genome is from 5 to 7 [10,11], whereas in the human population it is from 0 to 10, i.e., considerably wider [44,46]; 2) in the gorilla and the chimpanzee, but not in man, a special type of Q-heterochromatin was found, located on the distal ends of certain chromosomes (7, 11, 20, and 23 in the gorilla; 20, 21, 22, 23 in the chimpanzee), and that itself makes hard to produce of individuals with different amount of Q-HRs in the karyotype less probable. Finally, individuals with 46 chromosomes could not interbreed with members of the original population with 48 autosomes, and therefore, for reproduction, they were forced to seek mates with a compatible (similar) karyotype. The emergence of individuals in a population with a number of chromosomes different from the original was a turning point in human evolution. This is precisely what we mean when we say that the search for populations that gave rise to individuals with 46 chromosomes is of little prospect, as there could have been not just one, but several. The most important thing here is that they lived in the same territory and experienced the same selective pressure from the environment.
The biological meaning of a broad variability in the content of chromosomal Q-HRs in the human genome can be explained within the framework of cell thermoregulation (CT) hypothesis [47,48]. The essence of the hypothesis is that chromosomal HRs, as the densest structure around the interphase nucleus, known as condensed chromatin, participate in CT by eliminating of excess metabolic heat from the nucleus into the cytoplasm due to its highest heat conductivity. The phenotypic manifestation of CT on the organism level is human body heat conductivity (BHC), the magnitude of which depends on the number of chromosomal C- and Q-HRs in his genome. Since human populations do not differ significantly from each other in the number of C-HRs [13,14], it is obvious that the differences of individuals in the population at the level of BHC depends on the number of Q-HRs in their genome. It has been shown that the more Q-HRs in the karyotype of an individual, the higher the level of his BHC and vice versa [37,49]. We do not yet know how the number of Q-HRs in the genome or its physiological phenotype (BHC) affects human adaptation to cold and high-altitude climate. Nevertheless, we consider as highly probable that humans in the struggle with cold and high-altitude hypoxia, in addition to the known morphological and physiological mechanisms use low BHC as a means of defense. Perhaps individuals with low BHC are relatively better at maintaining temperature homeostasis, by more effectively retaining metabolic heat in the body under conditions of permanent high-altitude cold and limited food resources in high altitude regions.
Regarding questions about the ancestors of modern humans: 1) who were they? 2) why did they vanish? and 3) why were they able to colonize the entire landmass of the Earth? one could answer as follows: a) they were individuals with 46 chromosomes; b) they disappeared because few or no children were born in the population with varying numbers of Q-HRs, and c) thanks to the birth of children with different numbers of Q-HRs, the population made it possible for individuals with different levels of BHC to emerge, allowing it (the population) to adapt to different climatic and geographical conditions (for details see [37,44,45]).
Acknowledgments. I apologize to those authors, whose works were not cited, or were cited only through reviews, owing to space limitations.
Conflicts of interest: none.
Funding has not been received for the study.
Statement of Consent/Ethical approval: Not required.
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Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, we deeply appreciate the interest shown in our work and its publication. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you. The peer review process, as well as the support provided by the editorial office, have been exceptional, and the quality of the journal is very high, which was a determining factor in our decision to publish with you.
The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews journal clinically in the future time.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude for the trust placed in our team for the publication in your journal. It has been a true pleasure to collaborate with you on this project. I am pleased to inform you that both the peer review process and the attention from the editorial coordination have been excellent. Your team has worked with dedication and professionalism to ensure that your publication meets the highest standards of quality. We are confident that this collaboration will result in mutual success, and we are eager to see the fruits of this shared effort.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, I hope this message finds you well. I want to express my utmost gratitude for your excellent work and for the dedication and speed in the publication process of my article titled "Navigating Innovation: Qualitative Insights on Using Technology for Health Education in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients." I am very satisfied with the peer review process, the support from the editorial office, and the quality of the journal. I hope we can maintain our scientific relationship in the long term.
Dear Monica Gissare, - Editorial Coordinator of Nutrition and Food Processing. ¨My testimony with you is truly professional, with a positive response regarding the follow-up of the article and its review, you took into account my qualities and the importance of the topic¨.
Dear Dr. Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator 0f Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, The review process for the article “The Handling of Anti-aggregants and Anticoagulants in the Oncologic Heart Patient Submitted to Surgery” was extremely rigorous and detailed. From the initial submission to the final acceptance, the editorial team at the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” demonstrated a high level of professionalism and dedication. The reviewers provided constructive and detailed feedback, which was essential for improving the quality of our work. Communication was always clear and efficient, ensuring that all our questions were promptly addressed. The quality of the “Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions” is undeniable. It is a peer-reviewed, open-access publication dedicated exclusively to disseminating high-quality research in the field of clinical cardiology and cardiovascular interventions. The journal's impact factor is currently under evaluation, and it is indexed in reputable databases, which further reinforces its credibility and relevance in the scientific field. I highly recommend this journal to researchers looking for a reputable platform to publish their studies.
Dear Editorial Coordinator of the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing! "I would like to thank the Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing for including and publishing my article. The peer review process was very quick, movement and precise. The Editorial Board has done an extremely conscientious job with much help, valuable comments and advices. I find the journal very valuable from a professional point of view, thank you very much for allowing me to be part of it and I would like to participate in the future!”
Dealing with The Journal of Neurology and Neurological Surgery was very smooth and comprehensive. The office staff took time to address my needs and the response from editors and the office was prompt and fair. I certainly hope to publish with this journal again.Their professionalism is apparent and more than satisfactory. Susan Weiner
My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. “The peer review process was efficient and constructive, and the editorial office provided excellent communication and support throughout. The journal ensures scientific rigor and high editorial standards, while also offering a smooth and timely publication process. We sincerely appreciate the work of the editorial team in facilitating the dissemination of innovative approaches such as the Bonori Method.” Best regards, Dr. Matteo Bonori.
I recommend without hesitation submitting relevant papers on medical decision making to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I am very grateful to the editorial staff. Maria Emerson was a pleasure to communicate with. The time from submission to publication was an extremely short 3 weeks. The editorial staff submitted the paper to three reviewers. Two of the reviewers commented positively on the value of publishing the paper. The editorial staff quickly recognized the third reviewer’s comments as an unjust attempt to reject the paper. I revised the paper as recommended by the first two reviewers.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Thank you for publishing our case report: "Clinical Case of Effective Fetal Stem Cells Treatment in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder" within the "Journal of Clinical Research and Reports" being submitted by the team of EmCell doctors from Kyiv, Ukraine. We much appreciate a professional and transparent peer-review process from Auctores. All research Doctors are so grateful to your Editorial Office and Auctores Publishing support! I amiably wish our article publication maintained a top quality of your International Scientific Journal. My best wishes for a prosperity of the Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. Hope our scientific relationship and cooperation will remain long lasting. Thank you very much indeed. Kind regards, Dr. Andriy Sinelnyk Cell Therapy Center EmCell
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. It was truly a rewarding experience to work with the journal “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. The peer review process was insightful and encouraging, helping us refine our work to a higher standard. The editorial office offered exceptional support with prompt and thoughtful communication. I highly value the journal’s role in promoting scientific advancement and am honored to be part of it. Best regards, Meng-Jou Lee, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
Dear Editorial Team, Journal-Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, “Publishing my article with Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions has been a highly positive experience. The peer-review process was rigorous yet supportive, offering valuable feedback that strengthened my work. The editorial team demonstrated exceptional professionalism, prompt communication, and a genuine commitment to maintaining the highest scientific standards. I am very pleased with the publication quality and proud to be associated with such a reputable journal.” Warm regards, Dr. Mahmoud Kamal Moustafa Ahmed
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews’, I appreciate the opportunity to publish my article with your journal. The editorial office provided clear communication during the submission and review process, and I found the overall experience professional and constructive. Best regards, Elena Salvatore.
Dear Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator of ‘International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews Herewith I confirm an optimal peer review process and a great support of the editorial office of the present journal
Dear Editorial Team, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions. I am really grateful for the peers review; their feedback gave me the opportunity to reflect on the message and impact of my work and to ameliorate the article. The editors did a great job in addition by encouraging me to continue with the process of publishing.
Dear Cecilia Lilly, Editorial Coordinator, Endocrinology and Disorders, Thank you so much for your quick response regarding reviewing and all process till publishing our manuscript entitled: Prevalence of Pre-Diabetes and its Associated Risk Factors Among Nile College Students, Sudan. Best regards, Dr Mamoun Magzoub.
